Screening antibiofilm activity of invasive plants growing at the Slope Merapi Mountain, Central Java, against Candida albicans

Sufi Desrini1,2,3,Marion Girardot3,Christine Imbert3, Mustofa Mustofa4,5 and Titik Nuryastuti5,6*


Abstract

Background  Candida albicans causes high-mortality candidiasis. Antifungal drug resistance demands the devel- opment of virulence factor-targeting drugs, particularly antibiofilm. This study screened the effects of five invasive plants growing in Indonesia (Mimosa pudica, Lantana camara, Acacia mangium, Ageratina riparia, and Mikania micran- tha) against C. albicans biofilms. Antifungal activity, antiphospholipase activity, biofilm morphology of C. albicans, and cytotoxic capacity were also evaluated.

Methods Maceration was used to extract the plants, and the most active extract inhibiting the biofilms was fraction- ated using liquid–liquid fractionation. Antibiofilm activity was determined by a colorimetric assay, MTT. Antifungal activity was tested using the broth microdilution method. A phospholipase assay was performed using the egg-yolk agar method. Influence on the C. albicans morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The cytotoxic effect was carried out against Vero and HeLa cell lines.

Results  M. pudica  extracts showed the most potent antifungal efficacy with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.62 µg/mL and 7.81 µg/mL for aerial parts and roots, respectively. At high concentrations (500 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL), ethanol extract of M. pudica  aerial parts strongly inhibited the phospholipase activity. Ethyl-acetate fraction of M. pudica  aerial parts demonstrated the most potent antibiofilm activity against 24 h old biofilm of C. albicans with an inhibitory concentration (53.89%) of 62.5 µg/mL showed no cytotoxicity in both Vero and HeLa cells. This fraction affected the morphology of C. albicans and contained promising compounds for inhibiting the 24 h old biofilm of C. albicans.

Conclusions   Invasive M. pudica  plant inhibited the growth of planktonic C. albicans cells and its ethyl acetate fraction decreased the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms. This result demonstrates the potential of invasive M. pudica plant to reduce biofilm-associated candida infection.

Keywords  Invasive plants, Candida albicans, Antifungal, Antibiofilm, Mimosa pudica

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